the coconut indu stry of g reat economic imp orta nce. Composition and Uses: The following products of coconut are useful to human being. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. All of these introductions are within the last few centuries, relatively recent in comparison to the spread of Pacific coconuts.[49]. Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. The length of the coconut tree is also considerable. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. In the United States, coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida,[110] and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. [1] Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. In India, the woven coconut leaves are used to build wedding marquees, especially in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. [27][29][30] Conran et al. The President, National Coconut Producers, Processors and Marketers Association of Nigeria (NACOPPMAN), Nma Okoroji, has said coconuts can help generate over $400 billion for the Nigerian economy . However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. The liquids inside of a coconut are available as Shredded sweetened coconut 100g 500 calories 48g carbs 43g sugar 35g fat 4. Flowers are protandrous, the female flowers open, after the male flowers have withered. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. Reduces inflammation. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Because coconut milk and oil nourish skin, moisturizing, restorative, vitality to skin, has a radiant effect. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. What are the benefits of drinking coconut water? Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? What is the economic importance of coconut? Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. [120] They can also be determined traditionally by tapping on the coconut fruit. [102], Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained by pressing the grated coconut meat, usually with hot water added which extracts the coconut oil, proteins, and aromatic compounds. One of the primary economic contributions of the coconut is as a source of food. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Updates? [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. They control formation and circulation of fats in body. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. [96] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. It is sweet and high in nutritional value. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries of the world and Indonesia, Philippines, India are the major producing countries of the world. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. The world coir production is 0.282 million tones. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. [43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. [49][11][65][64], Another ancestral variety is the niu leka of Polynesia (sometimes called the "Compact Dwarfs"). [49][50], Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. This results in the naked coconut "shell" with three pores more familiar in countries where coconuts are not grown locally. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. (1993). About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. [citation needed], The two most common harvesting methods are the climbing method and the pole method. ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. In 1987, a "coconut law" was signed by Governor Edwin Edwards exempting from insurance liability any decorated coconut "handed" from a Zulu float. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. She earned her B.A. Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". What are the benefits of coconut products? Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. [92][93][94] Training schools for pig-tailed macaques still exist both in southern Thailand and in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. These varieties were selected for slower growth, sweeter coconut water, and often brightly-colored fruits. PT. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. Long-term consumption of coconut oil may have negative health effects similar to those from consuming other sources of saturated fats, including butter, beef fat, and palm oil. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. In the Malay language, it is pokok seribu guna ("the tree of a thousand uses").

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