mohanty is a privileged surname of the kshatriya or khandayat caste of odisha, comprising people who come from warrior classes and were anciently known for their greatness on the battlefield suryavanshi, chandravanshi and agnivanshi being applied to the ganasand to the sub-ganas for andhra kshatriyas we pleased the caste system divides hindus The name refers to a "head" or "chief" in Marathi. A Bengali surname, Adhikari, is derived from "adhi-kara," a Sanskrit word which means . Kanumuri 16. Betel leaf, haldi, kumkum 5. Vengamaraju| Gotra: Kaundinya| Descended from:Chalukyas, Vishnukundina| Sub-clans of Kaundinya Gotra| 1. Most of Rajus are doing well in Education, Information Technology and other fields. Gajapati and Eastern Ganga: Kurupam and Salur zamindars claim descent from them. Surnames Gotra: Dhanunjaya| Descended from:Kota| Sub-clans of Dhanunjaya Gotra| 1. Chandravanshi (Moon Dynasty) includes Eastern Chalukyas, , Kalachuris (Chedi-Haihaya), Saluva and Aravidu dyanasties of Vijayanagar. The Rayalaseema and Nellore district Rajus ( Kshatriyas) have four Gothras like Circar districts and Kalingandhra ( Northern Circars) districts. Karvetinagar: The current Bommaraju family of Karvetinagar are of Kshatriya Raju caste and trace their origins back to an ancestor who migrated from the Pithapuram area of the Godavari Delta about the 8th or 9th century. The Badgujars held high positions in the Mughal Sultanate. Dasariraju 13. Kopperla 17. All rulers, including those of Jammu and Kashmir and Hyderabad, adopted the Constitution of India by special proclamations. Kammela 30. Vasistha Samanthapudi 46. They are mostly found in significant numbers in Hubli, Gadag, Harihar, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Bangalore in Karnataka, Kurnool,Nandyala,Kodumur,Gudur(knl dist),Gadval,Armoor . Second in the social hierarchy of the caste system, the Kshatriyas were kings and warriors. You can also subscribe without commenting. Suryavamsham. Rudraraju 56. Kakarlapudi 24. Marriage alliances were being made between persons of different Gotras but not with persons of the same Gotras. Kunadharaju 9. Kshatriyas is an Aryan caste. Synonyms : Kammas are referred to as Kamma Naidus or Kammavar Naidus in the southern parts of AP and neighboring Tamil Nadu, and as Choudharys in coastal AP. All this occurred between 1514-1517 AD. Surnames of Nellore district and Rayalaseema Rajus are different from that of Circar district Rajus, however all these are in this four gothra fold only. They are primarily found in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and also in smaller numbers in the neighbouring states. Gurajala/Gurijala 21. Kashyapa 2. Buttamraju 11. Byrraju 5. Kalvala 30. They are primarily concentrated in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. ThotakuriTirumalaraju 1. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. On the eleventh day after birth, the child is given a name. 1 Suryavamsham 2 Pasupati Gotra 3 Chandravansham # suryavamsha_gotras_surnames Origin theories. Kallepalli 10. Madiraju 23. Yallamraju| Gotra: Pasupati| Descended from: Kalluri| Sub-clans of Pasupati Gotra| 1. Pinnamaraju 39. Alugunuru 2. The Raju families of Rajapalayam are descendents of migrated families led by the brother of the Vizianagaram Maharaja, Pusapati Chinna Raju. Modern community Mungara 28. Names such as Pusapati and Kothapalli are both Kshatriya surnames. Nimmaraju 41. Matsya of Oddadi (Orissa), which is linked to ancient Matsya Kingdom: The zamindars of Madgole claim descent from them. The Chagis, Kota Kings and Paricchedis continued to hold onto their regions as subordinate rulers of Kakatiyas. The Maratha Kshatriya caste which is spread over 96 clans in the Deccan and played a key role in bringing an end to Mughal rule in India is . Most surnames in Andhra Pradesh come from the family's town of origin so some of the surnames are found in other Andhra communities. For example Bhupathi Raju, Rudra Raju, Tirumala Raju, etc. Vashishta, Dhananjaya, Pashupathi and Kashyapa. The Jampana, Datla, Dandu, Dantuluri, Uppalapati, Pakalapati and Nallaparaju royal families of Dhanunjaya Gotra, who were Zamindars of Ramachandrapuram, Mogalthur, Kotapalli, Ghandavaram, Kuppili, Moida and Mutta Talaga Chiralaall claim descent from this ancient dynasty. Adluri 3. Marriage alliances were being made between persons of different Gotras but not with persons of the same Gotras. Additionally, rankings based on regional location, the degree of centralized political control within regions or Rajput states, and hypergamy were all important elements of the traditional Rajput social order. In Seervi I belong to Panwar .please tell me, Tell me community . Category: skyrim house of horrors alternate endingskyrim house of horrors alternate ending Rajus (Rajulu in Telugu) is used to refer to a prominent and influential Telugu Kshatriya Caste in Andhra . Dasaraju 12. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PARICHCHEDIS ( ' Vashishta' is their Gothram/ Gothra ) : 2 . Vanipanta 53. In 1971, the Privy Purses guaranteed by the Government of India were abolished by Parliament and modern India bid a formal farewell to the princely order. The two commanders Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav defeated the Mughals in so many battles in the Deccan that their mere name struck terror in the hearts of the Mughal commanders. Kolnati 19. Uppalapati/Vuppalapati 35. Bharadwaja 3. Gotra: Dhanunjaya Descended from: Kota Sub-clans of Dhanunjaya Gotra . Can you tell me my community. Poranki 51. According to Tod,the Phalke clan of Marathas was descended from Tanwar Rajputs as conveyed to him by Ramrao. Then a book, gold chain, pen and a knife are placed on a small wooden table. Gandham 16. Vuddaraju 4. They are considered to be descendants of one of the earliest Maharanas of Mewar, who migrated to south during 7th century. Addala Adluri Byrraju Bhupathiraju Chekuri Chintalapati Cherukuri Dandu Dantuluri Datla Dasaraju Dasariraju Ellamraju Gadiraju Gandham Guduru Gundraju Gandraju Gokaraju Gottumukkala Guntimadugu Guntumadugu Gunturi Jampana (Kota Jampana) Jujjuri Keertipati Kondaraju . Addala 2. Some of the Kshatriya names are actually the same but due to regional pronunciation differences they are spelt differently. This common origin is by no means certain: there is evidence suggesting that the Rashtrakuta line came from the Yadavas in northern India and also that they may simply have held a common title. Pasupati is a branch of Kashyapa. Vanapala 3. Kota Vamsa: Dharanikota Kings of Dhanunjaya gotra. Bhatrajus were originally a caste of Scholars, Soldiers, Ministers, Poets. Bontaraju(Bonta) 6. As the child moves towards the table, he or she is believed to become associated with whichever of the four articles that he or she touches. These 4 Dynasties are: a) PARICHEDIS (Guhila, Vishnukundin Clan) They are also referred to as Pategars or Patkar or Khatris. About Orissa Surnames Caste In Kshatriya . Valavarthi 52. Amongst the claimants to the throne was Gobburi Jaga Deva Raju, the brother-in-law of the emperor and also a relative of the Raja of Karvetinagar, Saluva Makaraju. 7. Kolukuluri 26. Open Menu. Kakatiya King Ganapati Deva had no sons so he made his daughter Rudramadevi as his legitimate heir. Bhavsar. They inhabit the Guntur, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore and Rayalaseema districts of Andhra Pradesh, and in some Karnataka districts. Mahadji Shinde: The man who kept the British at bay for 20 years with his military skill and diplomacy. Pen Academician, Writer, Scholar By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student) Career Turning Point: 2016 Commonwealth Games: Personal Life According to the central government policy, these three categories are entitled to positive discrimination The caste system in India is rather odd, a lot of the tribes that are seen as prestigious/normal within the Punjab are often seen as rather lowly . Chodaraju 4. Chattrapati Shivajis surname, which was originally Sisodia, got changed to Bhonsle. Shivajis three sons-in-law hailed from Naik Nimbalkar, Raje Mahadik and Rajeshirke clans. They were said to have evolved from the arms of Brahma, signifying that their role in society was the protection of people and livestock. SHRI K. YERRANNAIDU (): There are about 60 lakh traditional fishermen in Andhra Pradesh with different caste names such as Goondla, Gandaputra and Bestha in Telangana region, Agnikula, Kashatriya, Vada Balga, Kandra, Jabri Neyallu, Vasiyakula Kshatriya and Pattapu and Palli in Bagchi. Raju surnames of rayalaseema and Karnataka urged former general!, Kamma, Kumrmi, kunbhi, . Nandimandalam 43. Siddiraju 25. freebooksummary.com 2016 2022 All Rights Reserved, We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. 2. Vashishta, Dhananjaya, Pashupathi and Kashyapa. PASUPATI 2. Govindaraju 25. Pocharaju|. About In Orissa Kshatriya Surnames Caste [58] Thimma Nayudu constructed a large number of temples and tanks in the Rayalaseema region. Modern community Narahari's are part of the Telugu Kshatriya Community. Malyapati 27. Assigned is that of the 109 surnames of Rayalaseema and Karnataka but Agnikula Kshatriyas did not include Raju. Yerramraju| Gotra: Atreya| Descended from: Vijayanagar (Saluva, Aravidu, Narapathi)| Sub-clans of Atreya Gotra| 1. Shivaji was the greatest warrior and administrator that the clan produced. Rajus traditional accounts claim descent from Ikshvaku, Vishnukundina, Chalukya, Paricchedi and Kota Vamsa. Kapu refers to a social grouping of the Telaga and Balija subcastes found primarily in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Entire Document, The BRICs: An Emerging Power in Manufacturing and Services Report, Image of a Person Working in This Field Article, Fran Gilson: A National Drugstore Chain Case Study. The Solankis or Baghels of the north share their Bharadwaj gotra with the Salunkes of Maharashtra like Patankar, Mahurkar and Kathikar. They were Chandravanshi Kshatriyas of Kashyapa gotra. Most surnames in Andhra Pradesh come from the familys town of origin so some of the surnames are found in other Andhra communities. Vegesna 54. Buddharaju 8. The Kapu community in Andhra Pradesh is predominantly concentrated in the coastal districts, North Telangana and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh. Kopin Loincloth about six inches wide and one and a half feet long. Vasishta In Seervi I belong to Panwar, They are Raju surnames,not Kshatriya surnames, Raju caste surnames only,not Kshatriya sur names. According to most historians and by the inscriptional evidences of Paricchedi and Chagi ruling clans, during 4th 5th century AD few Kshatriyas of four clans travelled from northern India to the south, where they initially worked as feudatories of Vakatakas before establishing the Vishnukundina Kingdom, while some Kshatriyas of Andhra are said to be descendents of Eastern Chalukyas and few other Kshatriya dynasties. Some of the Kshatriya names are actually the same but due to regional pronunciation differences they are spelt differently. Kota Vamsa (Dharanikota- Fort Dynasty). Jujjuri 26. From the data collected by Sri Buddharaju Varahala Raju, there were 109 surnames for Andhra Kshatriyas. But there are many lesser-known Maratha commanders whose exploits can inspire the entire Indian nation even today. Konduru 35. Varma in Sanskrit means Armor, Protection and Deo in Sanskrit means God or Lord. Katari 17. Varadaraju| Gotra: Viswamitra| Descended from: Vijayanagar| Sub-clans of Viswamitra Gotra| 1. Dalavayi 21. . Etikuri (Vetikuri) 6. Chedi-Kalachuri-Kona Chodas: Chalukyas were a royal dynasty that succeeded the Vishnukundinas and ruled large parts of southern and central India between 550 and 750, and again between 973 and 1190. The ' Pashupathi' Gothra which is seen among the Rayalaseema and Nellore Rajus could be synonym of Koundinya Gothra . Usual pooja samagri such as kumkum, rice, water, flowers and fruits, incense etc The initiation of a child into the formal learning process is usually done between the 3rd and the 5th year of the child. Bezawada inscription mentions in honor of Tulukam Velnadu Sagi Doraya Raju dated 1215 A.D. Kasi 32. For some families the names of their famous and prominent ancestors became their surnames. 4. But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to Vijayanagar and Golconda. Kanchiraju 33. Rayalaseema Kshatriya Welfare Association RKWA president Sarath Kumar Raju on Sunday demanded that the government establish Khsatriya Corporation Addressing the 13th anniversary meeting of the. Sakhineti/Sagineti 44. Vishnukundina Dynasty Chalukyas: Chandravanshi Rajus are said to be descendents of Eastern Chalukyas. The mother and both the grandmothers give gold to the child (either a chain or a bangle). The British historian Grant Duff in his famous work History of Marathas, written in 1826 says, "Shirke clan ranks amongst the highest of Maratha nobility.". Gunti 9. During the British Raj they were known as Ratsas and Rajavars, which means of or belonging to the caste of Ratsawars (Raja Caste), using the title of Raju. Kasyapa The Rajus of Vijayanagaram have these additional Gotras: 1. These surnames are the most used but there are also many other names which are being used by the . Assigned is that of the 109 surnames of Rayalaseema and Karnataka but Agnikula Kshatriyas did not include Raju. This confusion is like the one about the Maratha surname "Sawant" which is actually a title Sawants of Ratnagiri in Konkan are actually Salunke/Solankis, and the Sawants of Sawantwadi are actually Bhonsales. Desai are emphatic about the central Indian origin of the Karnataka Kalachuris who are also referred to as Katachuris (shape of a sharp knife), Kalanjara-pura-vara-dhis-vara (Lord of Kalanjara) and Haihaya (Heheya). Valivarthi 51. I have tried to take the subject ahead on the basis of my ground research. Janma Vamsam (based on Birth) Jampana (Chalukya Jampana) 7. Raju surnames of rayalaseema and Karnataka urged former general!, Kamma, Kumrmi, kunbhi, . In that sense, lovers of this subject should find it enlightening. Acharjee/Acharya. Gobburi Narasaraju was the nephew of Aliya Ramaraju and After the death of King Venkatapathi Raju, from 1614 to 1616 there was a great war of succession. Atreya 1. TheKshatriya are spread in all and every corner of India. There are many such great episodes in Maratha history. The states of origin and population include Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand. In Nepal,for example, Ranas claim to be Sisodias, but none of them put "Sisodia" or "Ranawat" (a branch of the Sisodias) as their clan name. Penugonda 45. The initiation of the child to solid food is known as Annaprasan. Vashishta, Dhananjaya, Pashupathi and Kashyapa. These fire-born clans (Agnikula) were called Rajputs. Pasupati 4. 2. Nandela/Nandilla/Nandyala 37. Dhananjaya 4. Flowers Other similar castes are Kapu, Telega, Balija, Ontari, Turpu kapu, Munnuru Kapu. These ceremonies are not celebrated on a grand scale and are usually small events within the family. Patel is a Surname of the Koli caste of Gujarat in India which have most importance in the Politics of Gujarat and Koli Patels of Saurashtra was most benefited under the rule of Indian National Congress party. The Eastern Chalukyas through marital alliances merged into the Cholas and ruled from 1076 C.E to 1019 C.E as Chalukya-Cholas The other important Kshatriya dynasties during this period were Perrichedi, Kota Vamsa, Chagi and Haiheyas. Anatharaju 3. 1. The Head-shaving (Tonsure) and ear piercing ceremony, also known as the Mundan ceremony. The Mauryas became More and the Maratha surname Bhoiteis also believed to be descended from Bhati. Similarly name of Penmatsa Ram Gopal Varma, a prominent Bollywood and Tollywood movie director-producer, is interpreted as Ram Gopal of the Penmatsa family and Varma for Kshatriya caste. Rajput princes were great builders, and constructed magnificent palaces, fortresses, and stately shrines, of which the Saivite temples at Khajuraho in Bundelkhand and the Dilwara Jain temples at Mount Abu are outstanding examples in contrasting styles. 1. Pathapati 31. Mulagapati 32. Chirutani 5. Gold Wealth and Prosperity. Ganapatidevas first daughter Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra, Eastern Chalukyan prince of Nidadavolu and his second daughter Ganapamba was married to Kota Betaraja. Regarding this community Edgar Thurston in his seven volume Castes and Tribes of Southern India writesThe Maharajas of Vizianagaram claim to be Kshatriyas from the Rajputana and the leaders of the people of gotrams said to have come to the Northern Circars centuries ago. He decided to wait till the Velama contigent got mauled, and then jump in to save the Velamas as well as the King. For Kshatriyas, the last name could be Singh, which means "lion. This book was published form of Ph.D thesis submitted by Dr. Thoomati Donappa ( Former Vice Chancellor of Telugu University).Another reference book on this subject is " Sri Andhra Kshatriya Vamsa Ratnakaram" by Budharaju Varahalaraju.Another language book ' KSHATRIYANVAYAMANJUSHA' by Sri. The ' Pashupathi' Gothra which is seen among the Rayalaseema and Nellore Rajus could be synonym of Koundinya Gothra . It is believed that Vishnukundina Madhava Varma along with members of the other three gotras conquered the Salankayanas and established their rule. Raju surnames: The surnames of Andhra Kshatriyas were created or formed during the 12th, 13th and 14th Centuries (AD). Raju families such as the Chodarajus, Tirumalarajus, Madirajus, Nandyalas, Gobburis, Saluvas (Bommarajus) of Karvetinagar, the Rajas of Owk and Matla Chiefs were all relatives of the Aravidu dynasty. In 1857 the British broke up the estates and realigned the bigger brigands into Princely states and the lesser ones as Zamindars or Jagirdars. These states had not been annexed by the British and were responsible for their internal administration. The Rayalaseema and Nellore district Rajus ( Kshatriyas) have four Gothras like Circar districts and Kalingandhra ( Northern Circars) districts. Chokkaraju 17. Kucharlapati 28. lavutu 29. After this marital alliance with the three Kshatriya family clans, Kakatiyas started claiming Kshatriya status as evidenced by an inscription found in Guntur District. Dhanunjaya is a branch of Vishwamitra. Kaundinya. Gouripuram 24. Matla 17. As Vasistha was the guru of both Kaundinya and Vasistha Gotras, he is considered as the Pithru (Father) of both of them and so there were no marriage alliances between these two Gotras. Some historians and traditional accounts link Rajus to ancient Andhra Ikshvakus, which was the first Kshatriya kingdom in Andhra which ruled during 2nd and 3rd Centuries CE and are purportedly linked to ancient Ikshvakus of Kosala. Sangaraju 48. Things Required Kaluvala 31. It is one of the most important rituals in a Hindus life. The Puranas say that Parashurama in his time destroyed all the men of the Kshatriya race. The family later became feudatories of Vijayanagar, and had marriage alliances with the Saluva and loyalties to the Aravidu dynasties over the next two hundred years. Your email address will not be published. Kondaraju 18. kadimella 19. Many scions of former ruling houses are still well-regarded by the people of the area. Dandu 6. Kothapalli 37. This is known as Uyyalalo Veyadam. KASHYAPA 3. Chedi (Haiheya-Kalachuri-Kona Chodas): Chodarajus Padmaraju 42. Eastern Chalukyas 3. Posted June 29, 2022. The family attained the title of Jagapati in the 16th century and changed their surname to Vatsavayi in honor of a fort during the times of Vatsavayi Timma Raju (1555-1607). Ahuja: Ahuja mainly belongs to Punjabis and Sikhs. Marriage alliances were being made between persons of different Gotras but not with persons of the same Gotras. Some of the Kshatriya names are actually the same but due to regional pronunciation differences they are spelt differently. Unfortunately, his timing was not good and both were . Do you want to know thekshatriya surnames list for your state? Anjiraju 4. 80 surnames were based on village names; 20 were based on Chivalry names; 1 based on nature and 8 based on other ways. Vatsavayi. Cherukuri 8. The Vamsams are of two types: Pasupati Brahmanical rites of Punya Havachanam (Purification), Jata Karma (Birth ceremony), Nama Karanam (Naming ceremony), Chaulam (Tonsure), and Upanayanam (Thread ceremony) are performedat weddings the Kasi Yatra (Mock flight to Benares) is performedat their wedding they worship a sword, which is a ceremony usually denoting a soldier castethey use a wrist string made of cotton and wool, the combination peculiar to Kshatriyas, to tie the wrists of the happy couplein some villages. A book Patchamatla/Patsamatla 48. Gadi 23. Pasupati 4. The Gandikota Kammas kept the Muslim rulers like the Bahmanis at bay and protected Telugu land for a long . For some families the names of their famous and prominent ancestors became their surnames. Rajus viz. Some of these people have migrated to coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. The very fact that rather they were assimilated as Kshatriya or Rajput unlike the Kakatiyas who remained Shudra, If anything shows the rigidity of medieval Andhra society where unlike the north it wasn't possible to claim Kshatriya status even when they fulfilled the criteria for that and not other way around. Suraparaju 60. Mekhla Thread to tie around the waist. Guduru 17. Raju is a Telugu variation of the Sanskrit word Raj and Raja meaning King, Prince or Lord. Viswamitra, Your email address will not be published. If in behavior, speech, actions, one adheres to principles of vedas - is civilized . The mother and the child, who are till then secluded from the family, re-enter the household. It comprises eight southwestern districts of the State, namely Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts [2] As of 2011 census of India, the region with four districts had a population of 15,184,908 and covers an area of 71,060 km 2 (27,440 sq mi). 80 surnames were based on village names; 20 were based on Chivalry names; 1 based on nature and 8 based on other ways. The history of South India and the Puranas reveal that the Andhra Kshatriyas descended from the Aryavarta (northern India) to the south due to internal conflicts, foreign invasions, famine, etc. Flowers 3. 2. Vishnukundina: A folktale claims Madhav Varma of the Vishnukundina dynasty led the original members of their gotras to Andhra. Chejerila 13. Mohanty is a privileged surname of the Kshatriya or Khandayat caste of Odisha, comprising people who come from warrior classes and were anciently known for their greatness on the battlefield Assigned is that of the 109 surnames of Rayalaseema and Karnataka but Agnikula Kshatriyas did not include Raju Assigned is that of the 109 surnames of . But he never got the historical recognition due to him. Rajus are classified into two sects (as per ancient Kshatriya tradition based on Vansh): About the Maratha of the Deccan, the famous historian Sir Jadunath Sarkar wrote, "In India few can be more proud of their legacy as the Marathas as their forefathers measured swords on equal terms with the strongest and beat back the tide of Muslim conquest and defended the independence of their country against all resources of the mighty Emperor Aurangzeb. Yeah, Malas were in positions of power in the past (mostly in support of Reddy or Kamma) but they do practice strict endogamy. Kadimella 15. When you mentioned about Karnataka how did u forget to mention Bunts(Shetty,Rai,Alva,Hegde,Ballal,Ajila,Adyanthaya,Malli,Nondaa,Naayga and many more) of coastal region in Karnataka and northern Kerala,Gowdas of mid and northern region of Karnataka, Bunts referred to be Nagavanshi Kshatriyas. . Those present in Andhra Pradesh are:[1][2] Brahmin Kamma Kapu Komati Telaga Kshatriya Reddy Balija Velama Some communities within these groups are The Banjara is a n ethnic group a mong larger . In western UP, many Sisodias mention only "Rana" as their family name. Kokkerlapati 15. Top North Indian Surnames: 1. TheKshatriya people are the ancient warriors and rulers who have ruled many parts of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. . Members of all these Maratha clans were big and small Watandars (landholders, Inamdars and Sardars) when Shivaji rose. Vuyyuri or Uyyuri. There have been varying accounts about the origins of the Raju community. Kapu (Telugu ) The word Kapu or Kaapu in Telugu means protector and refers to a community or social grouping found primarily in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.They speak Telugu and are primarily an . Some of the Kshatriya names are actually the same but due to regional pronunciation differences they are spelt differently. 2. They claim to be the descendants of the Kshatriyas of ancient tradition, and from this association they derive their identity as a distinct group, superior to other groups in their traditional territory.

Tc Dimension Custom Barrels, Dallas Va Sleep Clinic Phone Number, Articles R